LINKZ80(1)LINKZ80(1)NAMElinkz80 - ALDS Z80 linker
SYNOPSIS
linkz80 options filename[.ext]
DESCRIPTION
The linker reads filename.rel or filename.cmd and creates object output
filename.hex (absolute object) filename.map. The linker may create a
globals file filename.gbl if there are global symbols in the link.
OPTIONS
-x causes the linker to output a cross reference of addresses into the
map file.
-s causes the linker to output a symbol table listing into the map
file.
-m causes the linker to output a psect table listing into the map file.
-l re-directs stdout/stderr output to a file filename.log, which con-
tains pass complete messages and each line with an error.
-p directs the listing file, if produced, to be printed upon completion
of the link.
-d will delete the listing file, if produced and printed, after print-
ing is complete.
-e will print the listing file ONLY if errors were not produced. The
use of the -e flag automatically elects the -p flag.
-f will cause ALL symbols, referenced or unreferenced to be printed in
the cross reference.
-i will cause the linker to 'mail' an appropriate message upon comple-
tion or termination of the link.
-t will cause the linker to format it's map output for 80 column print-
ers.
-z will cause the linker to output xenix format object code which con-
sists of just pure binary, no headers, defs' filled with zeros.
ENVIRONMENT
The setenv variable may be used with the linker allowing the files to
be INCLUDEd or LOADed by a one word environment variable. As an exam-
ple, you may have a directory (say /x/y/z) in which you have normally
included files. Then in your .cshrc or .login file, you may wish to
place
setenv EQU '/x/y/z'
Once done and it becomes part of your environment, you can state in
your linker command file:
INCLUDE 'EQU:file'
The linker will pick up the "EQU" variable and expand it into
"/x/y/z/file".
Linker Command File
The linker command file is set up to issue commands to the linker as to
what files to link, as well as some commands to execute. Each command
must appear on a line by itself. File names must be enclosed in single
quote marks. The following link commands are supported:
CODE
ORG
Set the current program counter to the code/org address. The address
may be a simple hexadecimal value, label, or a complex expression. The
expression evaluator is set to handle:
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
$ current program count
< shift left
> shift right
| arithmetic or
^ arithmetic xor
& arithmetic and
() parenthetical expression
The expression evaluator can lookup previously defined PUBLIC labels
and use the value in the expression. For example,
CODE OVERLAY+(5*2)
is perfectly acceptable as long as OVERLAY has been previously defined,
either from a previously read in relocatable or global file.
INCLUDE ''
This is used to include a GLOBAL file and put it's contents into the
symbol table.
LOAD ''
This is used to include a relocatable file for linking.
DPAGE
Causes the linker to put the program counter on the next modulo
boundary. may be the letter 'P' for next 256 byte boundary, or
it may be a complex expression.
DEFINE
Used to define a label and it's value. This is quite useful if you
wish to define a buffer at the end of a program link or define the
value(s) of some variable(s). An example would be:
DEFINE BUFFER $
DEFINE BUFFER1 $+10
which would define the variable BUFFER at whatever the current program
counter is, BUFFER1 at the current pc plus 16 bytes. Using DEFINE,
there is NO WAY to alter or add to the program counter.
FILL
Instructs the linker to fill define storages (defs) with .
may be any expression.
END [transfer address]
Tells the linker that we are at the end of the link. The optional
transfer address may be a simple value, label, or complex expression.
NOTES
The linker will attempt two opens of a file. If unsuccessful on the
first attempt, it will alter the upper/lower case of the file name to
its counter part and attempt a second open.
The linker will attempt to open any .gbl file with the file name speci-
fied. Should the attempt fail, the linker will attempt another open of
the same file with /usr/include/ prefixed to the filename.
LINKER DEFAULTS
- object code produced
- no psect map
- no symbol table listing
- no cross reference listing
- warnings and error messages to stdout
FILES
*.rel Z80 alds relocatable files
*.hex Absolute object output file
*.map Listing output file
*.gbl Global output file
*.log Log output file
/usr/local/linkz80 Actual linker program
SEE ALSO
For a description of the language, see the Model II ALDS Manual.
svcnum (3) Globals file of SVC numbers
sysgbl (3) Globals file of system equates
AUTHOR
Ron Light, Tandy Systems Design
BUGS
The expression evaluator used in the linker forces all numeric values
to be hexadecimal.
Version 15 Jan 1986 LINKZ80(1)